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受動喫煙の健康影響:米国公衆衛生長官報告(2006年6月27日)より抜粋 (松崎道幸訳) 出典:http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/ |
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結論 この報告書は、1986年の公衆衛生長官報告が論じた受動喫煙を再び取り上げている。その後20年間に、受動喫煙に関する調査研究に数多くの進歩が見られ、膨大なエビデンスが発表された。本報告書は、2004年の公衆衛生長官報告で策定された因果関係の有無を示す新たな用語を用いている。各章ごとにエビデンスの包括的レビュー、適切な場合エビデンスを定量的に統合する作業、調査成績の解釈に影響する可能性のあるバイアスの発生原因の厳密な評価が行われている。本報告書のレビュー結果は、1986年度報告書の結論の正しさを再確認し補強するものだった。非喫煙者のタバコ煙への暴露について、科学的エビデンスに裏付けられた結論を以下に示す。
(原文) http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/ Major Conclusions This report returns to involuntary smoking, the topic of the 1986 Surgeon General’s report. Since then ,there have been many advances in the research on secondhand smoke, and substantial evidence has been reported over the ensuing 20 years. This report uses the revised language for causal conclusions that was implemented in the 2004 Surgeon General’s report (USDHHS 2004). Each chapter provides a comprehensive review of the evidence, a quantitative synthesis of the evidence if appropriate, and a rigorous assessment of sources of bias that may affect interpretations of the findings. The reviews in this report reaffirm and strengthen the findings of the 1986 report. With regard to the involuntary exposure of nonsmokers to tobacco smoke, the scientific evidence now supports the following major conclusions: 1. Secondhand smoke causes premature death and disease in children and in adults who do not smoke. 2. Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems, and more severe asthma. Smoking by parents causes respiratory symptoms and slows lung growth in their children. 3. Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart disease and lung cancer. 4. The scientific evidence indicates that there is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke. 5. Many millions of Americans, both children and adults, are still exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes and workplaces despite substantial progress in tobacco control. 6. Eliminating smoking in indoor spaces fully protects nonsmokers from exposure to secondhand smoke. Separating smokers from nonsmokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating buildings cannot eliminate exposures of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke. |
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